Pestal Analysis of Airline Industry in India Essay

Economics Project Submitted To : suhana malik Submitted By :raJbeer kaur Enrollment no. :m 8023863880 Class Roll NO : 62 Course : MBA Company Chosen: British Airways Existing Line of Business: Aviation New Market: Indian Aviation Industry British Airways Future Indian Plans: British Airways global CEO Willie Walsh finds India to be one of the fastest growing aviation markets in the world. Walsh, who was in Mumbai on September 3rd, 2010 to announce a code-share agreement with Kingfisher Airlines, says that despite the airline facing mounting competition from other international carriers operating in India, he is not worried as India has huge growth potential and each player can have a decent pie of the expanding market. On the flip side, he tells that though the future of the aviation industry is consolidation and many foreign carriers want to invest in India, Indian law does not permit them to do so. Mr. Willie Walsh said, â€Å"India is the second largest market for us after the US. In fact, after the recession, India was among the fastest regions to recover from the downfall. We are operating in and out of India for the past several decades and will continue to o so in a consolidated fashion. We have a huge customer base here and we still find growth opportunities in the region. Though I can’t divulge revenue details from India, I have always said that India will be one of the biggest aviation markets in the future and clearly, we want to have a very strong presence in this market. † PESTLE Analysis: The Indian Airline Industry Political Factors industry existing in the country. Like it or not, the political interference has to be present everywhere. Given below are a few of the political factors with respect to the airline industry: The airline industry is very susceptible to changes in the political environment as it has a great bearing on the travel habits of its customers. An unstable political environment causes uncertainty in the minds of the air travellers, regarding travelling to a particular country. Overall India’s recent political environment has been largely unstable due to international events & continued tension with Pakistan. The Gujarat riots & the government’s inability to control the situation have also led to an increase in the instability of the political arena. The most significant political event however has been September 1 1 . The events occurring on September had special significance for the airline industry since airplanes were involved. The immediate results were a huge drop in air traffic due to safety & security concerns of the people. International airlines are greatly affected by trade relations that their country has with others. Unless governments of the two countries trade with each other, there could be restrictions of flying into particular area leading to a loss of potential air traffic (e. . Pakistan & India) Another aspect is that in countries with high corruption levels like India, bribes have o be paid for every permit & license required. Therefore constant liasoning with the minister & other government official is necessary. The state owned airlines suffer the maximum from this problem. These airlines have to make several special considerations with respect to selection of routes, free seats to ministers, etc which a pr ivately owned airline need not do. The state owned airlines also suffers from archaic laws applying only to them such as the retirement age of the pursers & hostesses, the labour regulations which make the management less flexible in taking ecision due to the presence of a strong union, & the heavy control &interference of the government. This affects the quality of the service delivery & therefore these airlines have to think of innovative service marketing ideas to circumvent their problems & compete with the private operators. Economic Factors Business cycles have a wide reaching impact on the airline industry. During recession, airline is considered a luxury & therefore spending on air travel is cut which leads to reduce prices. During prosperity phase people indulge themselves in travel & prices increase. After the September 11 incidents, the world economy plunged into global recession due to the depressed sentiment of consumers. In India, even a company like Citibank given first class railway tickets instead of plane tickets. The loss of income for airlines led to higher operational costs not only due to low demand but also due to higher insurance costs, which increased after the WTC bombing. This prompted the industry to lay off employees, which further fuelled the recession as spending decreased due to the rise in unemployment. Even the SARS outbreak in the Far East was a major cause for slump in the airline industry. Even the Indian carriers like Air India was deeply affected as many flights were cancelled due to internal (employee relations) as well as external problems, which has been discussed later. Social Factors The changing travel habits of people have very wide implications for the airline industry. In a country like India, there are people from varied income groups. The airlines have to recognize these individuals and should serve them accordingly. Air India needs to focus on their clientele which are mostly low income clients & their habits in order to keep them satisfied. The destination, kind of food etc all has o be chosen carefully in accordance with the tastes of their major clientele. Especially, since India is a land of extremes there are people from various religions and castes and every individual travelling by the airline would expect customization to the greatest possible extent. For e. g. A Jain would be satisfied with the service only if he is served Jain food and it should be kept in mind that the customers next to him are also Jain or at least vegetarian. Another good example would be the case of South West Airlines which occupies a solid position in the minds of the US air travelers as a reliable and convenient, fun, ow fare, and no frills airline. The major element of its success was the augmented marketing mix which it used very effectively. What South West did was it made the environment inside the plane very consumer friendly. The crew neither has any uniform nor does it serve any lavish foods, which indirectly reduces the costs and makes the consumers feel comfortable. Technological Factors The increasing use of the Internet has provided many opportunities to airlines. For e. g. Air Sahara has introduced a service, through the internet wherein the unoccupied seats are auctioned one week prior to the departure. Air India also provides many internet based services to its customer such as online ticket booking, updated flight information & handling of customer complaints. USTDA (US trade & development association) is funding a feasibility study and workshops for the Airports Authority of India as part of a long-term effort to promote navigation, surveillance, and air traffic management systems for India’s aviation sector that will help the country meet the expected growth and demand for air passenger and cargo service over the next decade. A proposal for restructuring the existing airports at Delhi, Mumbai, Chennai and Kolkata through long-term lease to make them world class is under consideration. This will help in attracting investments in improving the infrastructure and services at these airports. Setting up of new international airports at Bangalore, Hyderabad and Goa with private sector participation is also envisaged. A good example of the impact of technology would be that of AAI, wherein with the help of technology it has converted its obsolete and unused hangars into profit centers. AAI is now leasing these hangars to international airlines and is earning huge profits out of it. AAI has also tried to utilize space that was previously wasted installing a lamination machine to laminate the luggage of travelers. This activity earns AAI a lot of revenue. These technological changes in the environment have an impact on Air India as well. Better airport infrastructure, means better handling of airplanes, which can help reduce maintenance cost. It also facilitates more flights to such destinations. Legal Factors Prior to 1953, there were 9 private airlines in operation with too many surplus aircraft and the airline industry was sick. There was no competitive environment in the onopolized aviation market.

Computer Technology During The 70’s 80’s And 90’s Essay

Computer technology during the 70’s 80’s and 90’s Computer technology took a great leap in development during the 70’s when schools, businesses, and universities began to use computers. The 70’s would have to be the beginning of the technology of computers, as we know it today. The personal computer became big in the 80’s. Now computers are being updated daily, if not hourly. During the 70’s computers and computer use began to become known by everyone. This period was a time for development and improvement. The 70’s was where many things we use today were introduced; although what we have today is far more improved. This time wasn’t the beginning of all computers, but it was the beginning for many things, including the microprocessor, microcomputer, and the all so important, personal computer. In the early 70’s we already had some types of computers which were developed in previous years. They consisted of a hard drive a type of keyboard and mostly a very small screen. Moving into the 70’s we started developing more useful things like the floppy disk. This made it possible to store information onto a removable disk that could be transferred to other compatible computers. We also see the first microprocessor, which is a type of miniature electronic device that contains the arithmetic, logic, and control circuitry necessar y to perform the functions. Before it took large machines to hold this memory where now it can be programmed on a small chip. In this period we also see the first IBM laser printer and also the first IBM ink jet printer. Bill Gates and Paul Allen also introduce Microsoft during this time. A development during the late 70’s and maybe the most important development during this time was the personal computer, also known as the PC. The PC is a computer designed for use by only one person at a time. A personal computer is a type of microcomputer, or in other words, a small digital computer that uses only one microprocessor. The first PC consisted of a CPU (central processing unit), memory a keyboard and a display screen. A typical personal computer today consists of a CPU, memory, consisting of hard magnetic disks and a disk drive, a display screen , keyboard, mouse, modem, printer, and external memory, usually in the form of floppy disks or CD-ROMs (compact disc read-only memory). The IBM 5100 Portable Computer was IBM’s first attempt to build a personal  computer back in 1974. Weighing in at 50 pounds and costing around $10,000, the IBM 5100 had a built-in tape drive, a small CRT and the capability of running programs in either BASIC or APL (A Programming Language, created by IBM). The monitor could display 16 lines of 64 characters each, the memory could be expanded to 64K, and the tape drive used a 1/4 inch tape cartridge similar to an 8-track stereo tape that could store about 200 K of data. Although designed to be a small business computer, the high cost and lack of interfacing capability limited the acceptance of what could be called the first personal computer, the IBM 5100. The 1980’s were also an important time for computer technology. In this period we see many programs being introduced. The 70’s was the main time for computer technology, but the 80’s was the time for building onto what computing already was. During this time period computers started becoming more advanced, with more memory, faster loading time, and smaller devices, which hold even more memory. IBM, one of the largest computer companies during this time hired Microsoft to develop an operating system for their proposed personal computer. This is when Bill Gates and Microsoft develop Microsoft DOS (MS-DOS). Osborne hits big in 1980 with building the first portable computer â€Å"Osborne I.† Although they were going well for a while, in 1982 the Osborne Co. went out of business. The internet was first introduced in the mid 70’s, but it wasn’t the internet as we know today. There were very few hosts, nothing like today. The 80’s was the gateway into the internet of today. In 1984 the number of internet hosts broke 1000, 10,000 in 1987, and it broke 100,000 in 1989. Today there are millions. The new and improved mailing system is introduced, we know it as e-mail. IBM, Apple, Mackintosh were making upgrades on their systems monthly, making them faster and modernizing them slightly. Microsoft was a big factor in upgrading the computer system. In 1983 they introduced Windows, the most commonly used program today. Microsoft also introduces Dos 3.0

Building Trust

You want results! Group Work (optional): Assume it is the ? rst day on the job as the new manager of this team. Discuss what you should do. Writing Exercises (optional): Write a message to the managers of your new organization, setting expectations about the team and goals they will be working towards moving forward. Describe your leadership style and approach to the challenge. Make your message motivational. Discussion Questions: †¢ Have you ever had to build trust with a large number of people who are fundamentally different than you? What did you do? What are the advantages of disadvantages of being the boss who is feared? †¢ Do you agree with all the things Jim does to earn the trust of his team? Why or why not? †¢ Do you think Jim will still have the respect of his team if he is so focused on serving them and their needs? Why or why not? Oral Presentations (optional): As the new manager, give an introductory speech to the managers in your organization about you an d the goals you hope to achieve. Clearly state the messages you want to convey to your direct reports. Role Play (optional): Discussion between Manager (Jim) and his Supervisor (Sam) whose leadership philosophy is very different and thinks a manager should be feared by his people. Explain yourself and try to gain your supervisor’s trust. †¢ Background for Manager (Jim): You believe you should think of your team as your customers and make every effort to make their job easier. You do not want to be feared by your people and think you will be even more productive thanks to your leadership style. †¢ Background for Supervisor (Sam): You think the new manager needs to come in strong and put fear in his employees to achieve. Discuss how they will be distributed. Will you incentivize the high performers by awarding them with new headsets ? rst? Discussion Questions: †¢ Do you agree with all the things Jim does to earn the trust of his team? Why or why not? †¢ Do you think Jim will still have the respect of his team if he is so focused on serving them and their needs? Why or why not? †¢ Is there anything Jim should do differently and how successful do you think he will be with his approach? †¢ As a manager, what are the advantages and disadvantages of seeing your team as your customers? Role Play (optional): Discussion between Manager (Jim) and direct report (Fred) who believes everybody needs new headsets and new chairs. †¢ Background for Manager (Jim): You believe you should make your people more comfortable, but you are limited in budget and must make your people and Fred understand there are limits to what you can do for them. †¢ Background for Direct Report (Fred): You think everybody needs new headsets and chairs. You know the new manager is anxious to make a positive impression and you think this purchase could help. Group Work (optional): What does Jim mean by having an â€Å"early victories† when he talks about getting new headsets? What kind of a precedent does this set and how should he manage expectations for the future? 3 Building Trust | Jim Roth Copyright  © 2007 by the Board of Trustees of the Leland Stanford Junior University. All Rights Reserved. Teaching Notes Building Trust (DVD Title: Building Trust in a Large Organization) Center for Leadership Development and Research Leadership in Focus Video Segment 3 and 4: (Run Time: 2 minutes 10 seconds) Writing Exercises (optional): As the Manager, write an email to your team telling them how you want them to come to you when they have problems. You want them to understand you are there to help them, but also don’t want them to abuse this privilege. Make the message motivational. Result and Lessons Learned: Manager receives feedback from his people and sees this as a victory that he has earned their trust. To earn trust and improve performance, it is important to learn the details about your people to determine why they come to work everyday.

Case 3 Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

3 - Case Study Example Furthermore, the agent is under duty to avoid a conflict of interest between him and the principal. Thus, the agent should not indulge in negotiations from which he will benefit, at the expense of the principal (Harley, 2009). In our case, it is apparent that the appointed agents (Harris and Danzil) violated the laws guiding agency contracts, through engaging in negotiations that created a conflict of interest between them and the Principal (Investor). By establishing a corporation that was interested in the same transaction that they were undertaking for the principal, they violated the law of contracts (Harley, 2009). Since the corporation formed by the agents ended up negotiating and purchasing the business, then the principal, in our case, the Investor has a right to sue the agents for a breach of contract. The agents are then required to pay damages for the loss they caused to their principal (Harley, 2009). Therefore, the investor should terminate the contract between him and Harris, on the grounds of Harris breaching the contract, and seek legal redress for payment of damages by Harris and

CASE STUDY OF TIME WARNER (LOCATED NEAR END OF TEXT BOOK) Assignment

CASE STUDY OF TIME WARNER (LOCATED NEAR END OF TEXT BOOK) - Assignment Example Upon looking at the tables given, demand is apparently elastic, with a lot of competitor networks around. One thing that makes a demand elastic is the presence of many substitutes, meaning competitors which can be easily availed by the potential customers. Network competitors include ABC, ESPN and Disney from Disney Company; CBS, MTV and UPN from Viacom and Fox from News Corp. Given that the promotional decline in price is only given to STARZ's current and future subscribers, and would not affect its big network businesses such as HBO and Showtime, it will be worthwhile to lower the price for the purpose of attracting subscribers. The decline in revenue from existing subscribers is deemed smaller than the potential revenue, given the larger market that it has to cater. Also, the popularity of STARZ, as it would be well advertised given the promotion is also worth the price. Since the current revenue of STARZ is just .5% of the total revenue from subscription (excluding advertisements and content), meaning there are a lot of room to grow in the current market, revenue can double or triple with the promotions. The revenue growth rate figure for News Corp's Fox News is really admirable, standing at 67.8%, compared to last year. This is superior to CNN's 12.5%.

Exegesis Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Exegesis Paper - Essay Example When it was written? The answer to this question is not quite as completely uncertain as that relating to authorship. There is also uncertainty as to the exact date of the writing of Hebrews. Numerous references to the temple of Jerusalem seem to place the date of writing prior to the fall of Jerusalem in A.D. 70, (Heb. 10:11; 13:10-11). So around A.D. 66 seems the most satisfactory date. The actual place of writing is unclear. The only clue we have for an answer to this question is found in Hebrew 13:24 – â€Å"They of Italy salute you.† The Greek word translated â€Å"of† is â€Å"apo†, which means â€Å"from†. So the reference could mean either that the writer was in Italy or that he was sending greeting back to Italy from some Italians who were with him. Structure and parallelism The book of Hebrews occupies a very important place in the Scriptures. It is the Spirit’s commentary on the Pentateuch, especially the book of Leviticus. The wri ter uses the Old Testament Scriptures throughout, making at least eighty-six direct references, traceable to at least one hundred Old Testament passages. Hebrews explains the meaning and significance of the whole Jewish ritual. It makes clear that all the ceremonial laws given in the Old Testament, such as the offerings of sacrifices and the ministrations of the priests were but types pointing forward to Christ, the great sacrifice for sin, the true Priest the one Mediator between God and man.   Literary Criticism Form Criticism and Redaction Criticism The topic which is discussed at the greatest length in the Epistle to the Hebrews is that of Christ as High Priest. The next six chapters (5 – 10) are saturated with the idea. The passage before leads up to chapter four and coincides with for it does not affect the passage. The literary form of Hebrews is Hebrews has traditionally been described as an epistle or letter. It appears in the New Testament in the middle of the col lection of letters. It functions as a hinge connecting the 13 Pauline letters and the 7 general or Catholic Epistles. However, Hebrews lacks the basic ingredients that identified ancient letters. There is no mention of author, no mention of addressees, no greeting, no thanksgiving section and no prayer for the readers in the opening lines. The closing verses of Hebrews 13 do reflect the traditional way in which a letter should close. Hebrews is often compared with Romans. Hebrews presents the Person of salvation; Romans presents the way of salvation. The book of Hebrews focuses on the ceremonial law of the Old Testament; and compares to Romans, on the moral law of time. â€Å"Romans moves from law to grace, and Hebrews, from shadow to substance. The redaction criticism of this passage shows that in regards to the Old Testament Leviticus is the book of the covenant of the Law and Romans which is parallel to Hebrews shows us Gods grace and mercy. Contents The key word of this Epistle is â€Å"better†. It occurs thirteen times in the thirteen chapters. Christ is shown as better than angels (cc1-2), better than Moses (c.3), better than Joshua (c.4), better than Aaron (cc.5-10).Christianity is declared to be a better covenant (c.8) It offers a better rest, an better priesthood, a better altar, a better sacrifice. The theme of the book is the superiority of Christianity to Judaism. In every way it is a better religion. The meaning of the word â€Å"

Evaluation of Website Outrigger Canoe Club Essay

Evaluation of Website Outrigger Canoe Club - Essay Example Site's visitors can read about history of the club, location, services provided and, after completing registration, access the membership-only area. Useful five-day local weather forecast placed on the front page is of great help for planning a club visit and outdoor sport activities. Very detailed information on general services and catering, club's hours of operation is provided. Besides, the policies, for instance dress code and no smoking and cell phones permitted areas, are outlined; Original old black and white photos as well as description of Outrigger Duke Kahanamoku Foundation adds flavor of historical tradition and creates feeling of sports spirit. The club, as mentioned, had many celebrity members, including famous Duke Paoa Kahanamoku and other sportsmen. The Dining and Hours of Operation sections partially repeat each other. As an improvement this information can be left in Dining section only. In addition, Dining section can be combined with Catering; To my mind, the "best thing" about the website is the nicely illustrated story of the Outrigger Canoe Club. It starts with club establishers and land lease from Estate of Quinn Emma. The story tells about the club's survival years between the fire in 1914 and reconstruction in 1941.

Argument about abortion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Argument about abortion - Essay Example Some of the people believe in abortion while others are against abortion. From the video discussion between Gyan and Biden shows how people differ in their thoughts in regards to abortion. Gyan believes that the abortion should be illegal and should only be allowed in exceptional circumstances like the case of rape, incest and when the life of the mother is in danger. Additionally, according to Gyan he respects other people religion and opinion concerning abortion. Gyan is deeply concerned about the Obamacare on how it is handling the issue of abortion. Since this is a controversial topic, Gyan proposes that it needs more mind and more stakeholders to handle this matter through their elective posts (WSJ, 2008). According to him, life begins at conception. He reveals how using the ultrasound technology saw the tiny life in the shape of a bean in the womb of the mother. As a result, Gyan proposes that everybody should be given a chance in life and that life begins with conception. Gyan is critical with the Obamacare because, the insurance scheme is taxing the taxpayers to fund abortion related cases. The issue becomes even more controversial in that the vice president Mr. Biden had travelled to China to see how the one child policy works with forced sterility. He was critical to that issue that the Obama administration wanted to borrow the same policy into the United States of America. On the other hand, Biden differs with Gyan on the issue of abortion in that the democratic government respects the views of all religions concerning abortion. He further emphasizes that the issue of abortion should be left to the judges and the doctors as the one who have the final say (WSJ, 2008). He also notes that no religion that has given contraception a priority. He says that birth controls are not an issue on various religions, and the matter should be left to judges and any representatives that may be appointed by the president to work on it. Additionally, the

American Constitution Law 4 paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

American Constitution Law 4 paper - Essay Example In his appeal the appellant argued that the state of Illinois was under a duty to provide him with a trial counsel at his expense as dictated by the Sixth and Fourteenth Amendments to the Constitution. The Illinois intermediate appellate court affirmed the conviction by the Circuit Court. The Supreme Court of the state of Illinois also rejected the appellant’s argument and stated that it wasn’t obligated to extend its decision in Argersinger v Hamlin (1972) to the case. Although the appellant was charged with an offense for which imprisonment was authorized upon conviction, the appellant had only been fined $50 instead of imprisonment. Judgment: the appellant further lodged his appeal in the Supreme Court of United States. In its judgment the court affirmed the Supreme Court of Illinois’ decision that the Constitution of the United States of America did not require the Circuit Court of Cook County to appoint a state counsel for the petitioner (Scott). Holding (Justice Rehnquist): No: The sixth and fourteenth Amendments only stipulate that no defendant can be sentenced to imprisonment unless he has been accorded the right to appointment of a counsel to defend him by the state. The appellant’s liberty was not at stake in this case because the state court had preferred the less severe sanction of imposing a fine to the severe one imprisonment so the appointment of a counsel was not necessary. Rule of law: The sixth and fourteenth Amendments only stipulate that no defendant can be sentenced to imprisonment unless he has been accorded the right to appointment of a counsel to defend him by the state. Concurring (Justice Powell): Held that it was important for the federal Supreme Court to provide a clear guidance to the many courts in all parts of the country that confronted the problem of legal representation

Manipulating creation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Manipulating creation - Essay Example Therefore, while technology plays an important role in creating easy and comfortable lives for humanity, it is important to observe boundaries that maintain the balance of life. In the creation stories, there is a concept of God creating everything for the comfort of humankind. For example, man is in charge of all life on earth (Herzfeld 91). The implication is that man has the authority to shape the world to a shape that suits all his need. Therefore, the desire to change the nature of creation is justified by the position of man in the universe. However, this is a utilitarian view. An alternative view would mean that man has the responsibility to maintain creation as it is. In addition, changes would imply dissatisfaction with the work of the creator. Therefore, such changes would be wrong in a religious context. The illustration of the initial desire to change the nature of metals to suit the needs of humanity exposes the nature of man and his position in creation. For example, in an economic argument, the limited amounts of Gold make the metal valuable. It its quantities were to increase, its value would reduce. In addition, the other metals have more u se in building, tasks that gold cannot be used for. Therefore, the current model of creation fits the needs of humanity by availing materials in the amounts required by humankind. Therefore, the provisions of nature create a balance that makes life easier by providing the requirements of humanity at the required amounts. However, the argument of presence of diseases and other genetic disorders that complicate life and create suffering is used to challenge the principles of nature. For example, in the proposed models of nanotechnology, it is possible for doctors to remove tumors that were recently fatal to man (Herzfeld 96). In addition, the principles of alchemy were instrumental in brewing

Bethany hamilton Essay Example for Free

Bethany hamilton Essay My name, Bethany Hamilton, may not ring a bell, but I am known as the girl who never gave up. I survived the unthinkable. I want to make a difference in peoples lives by sharing my story, so here it goes. Every morning I hit the beach with my friends. Halloween is usually the time to go trick-or-treating, but for me it was the time to catch a perfect wave. So at sunrise I was already at Tunnel Beach, feeling as though my veins were filled with salt water. The water was crystal clear and very calm. I was relaxing on my board with my left arm dangling in the water as I waited for the next big wave. My friends were floating not too far away. All of them were looking out to sea. Out of nowhere, came a giant tiger shark, and all I saw was a flash of grey. All I felt was a lot of pressure and a couple of fast tugs. It was all over in seconds! Thats all it took for the 15 foot tiger shark to bite my left arm off near my shoulder. I waited in shock as all the water turned bright red. I said in a loud but not panicky voice l Just got attacked by a shark. After the attack, I kept saying Get to the beach. Get to the beach. My arm was bleeding badly, but that didnt prevent e from praying. They tied a shirt around my stub as a tourniquet. As I was rushed to the hospital, I remember the paramedics guy saying, God will never leave you, nor forsake you. He was right. At the hospital, surgeons cleared out of the operating room so I could be rushed in. They gave me blood and cleaned out my terrible wound. I stayed in the hospital for about a week after the accident, because I needed time to heal and regain my strength. My family was with me constantly, but honestly I Just wanted to go surfing. Many visitors came to see me, and all I saw was pity on their faces. After I was out of the hospital, I discovered that my life had changed dramatically. Everyday tasks suddenly became difficult. I knew I needed to forget about surfing, but I couldnt. The attack hadnt lessened my love for surfing, and I wasnt ready to give up. Less than a month later, I was back on my surf board, but paddling with only one arm was not easy. Standing up on the board was equally tough. Catching my first wave after the accident, made everything worthwhile. I rode the wave all the way to the beach, and after that, I had tears of happiness running down my face. A lot of people think soul surfers are Just people who surf and dont compete, but I think its someone who Just loves surfing for what it is, never gives up, and always sticks with the ocean. I still dream of surfing victories, but now IVe got other dreams, too. I want to make a difference in peoples lives. I want to help others deal with pain and loss. Most importantly, I want to encourage people to follow their dreams, no matter how hard it seems. All I know is that my life will include plenty of surfing. IVe been surfing since I was five, and Ill be surfing until however ling I can. bethany hamilton By hfeuch

Currency and Thai Baht Essay Example for Free

Currency and Thai Baht Essay Assessing Future Exchange Rate Movements 1. How are percentage changes in a currency’s value measured? Illustrate your answer numerically by assuming a change in the Thai baht’s value from a value of $0.022 to $0.026. ANSWER: The percentage change in a currency’s value is measured as follows: where S denotes the spot rate, and St −1 denotes the spot rate as of the earlier date. A positive percentage change represents appreciation of the foreign currency, while a negative percentage change represents depreciation. In the example provided, the percentage change in the Thai baht would be: That is, the baht would be expected to appreciate by 18.18%. 2. What are the basic factors that determine the value of a currency? In equilibrium, what is the relationship between these factors? ANSWER: The basic factors that determine the value of a currency are the supply of the currency for sale and the demand for the currency. A high level of supply of a currency generally decreases the currency’s value, while a high level of demand for a currency increases its value. In equilibrium, the supply of the currency equals the demand for the currency. 3. How might the relatively high levels of inflation and interest rates have affected the baht’s value? (Assume a constant level of U.S. inflation and interest rates.) ANSWER: The baht would be affected both by inflation levels and interest rates in Thailand relative to levels of these variables in the U.S. A high level of inflation tends to result in currency depreciation, as it would increase the Thai demand for U.S. goods , causing an increase in the Thai demand for dollars. Furthermore, a relatively high level of Thai inflation would reduce the U.S. demand for Thai goods, causing an increase in the supply of baht for sale. Conversely, the high level of interest rates in Thailand may cause appreciation of the baht relative to the dollar. A relatively high level of interest rates in Thailand would have rendered investments there more attractive for U.S. investors, causing an increase in the demand for baht. Furthermore, U.S. securities would have been less attractive to Thai investors, causing an increase in the supply of dollars for sale. However, investors might be unwilling to invest in baht-denominated securities if they are concerned about the potential depreciation of the baht that could result from Thailand’s inflation. 4. How do you think the loss of confidence in the Thai baht, evidenced by the withdrawal of funds from Thailand, affected the baht’s value? Would Blades be affected by the change in value, given the primary Thai customer’s commitment? ANSWER: In general, a depreciation in the foreign currency results when investors liquidate their investments in the foreign currency, increasing the supply of its currency for sale. Blades would probably be affected by the change in value even though its Thai customer’s commitment, as the sales are denominated in baht. Thus, the depreciation in the baht would have caused a conversion of the baht revenue into fewer U.S. dollars. 5. Assume that Thailand’s central bank wishes to prevent a withdrawal of funds from its country in order to prevent further changes in the currency’s value. How could it accomplish this objective using interest rates? ANSWER: If Thailand’s central bank wishes to prevent further depreciation in the baht’s value, it would attempt to increase the level of interest rates in Thailand. In turn, this would increase the demand for Thai baht by U.S. investors, as Thai securities would now seem more attractive. This would place upward pressure on the currency’s value. However, the high interest rates could reduce local borrowing and spending. 6. Construct a spreadsheet illustrating the steps Blades’ treasurer would need to follow in order to speculate on expected movements in the baht’s value over the next 30 days. Also show the speculative profit (in dollars) resulting from each scenario. Use both of Ben Holt’s examples to illustrate possible speculation. Assume that Blades can borrow either $10 million or the baht equivalent of this amount. Furthermore, assume that the following short-term interest rates (annualized) are available to Blades: Currency Dollars Thai baht Lending Rate 8.10% 14.80% Borrowing Rate 8.20% 15.40% ANSWER: Depreciation of the Baht from $0.022 to $0.020 1. Borrow Thai baht ($10,000,000/0.022) 2. Convert the Thai baht to dollars ($454,545,454.50 million Ãâ€" $0.022). 3. Lend the dollars at 8.10% annualized, which represents a 0.68% return over the 30-day period [computed as 8.10% Ãâ€"(30/360)]. After 30 days, Blades would receive ($10,000,000 Ãâ€" (1 + .0068)) 4. Use the proceeds of the dollar loan repayment (on Day 30) to repay the baht borrowed. The annual interest on the baht borrowed is 15.40%, or 1.28% over the 30-day period [computed as 15.40% Ãâ€"(30/360)]. The total baht amount necessary to repay the loan is therefore (454,545,454.50 Ãâ€"(1 + .0128)) 454,545,454.50 10,000,000.00 10,068,000.00 460,363,636.40 5. Number of dollars necessary to repay baht loan ($THB460,363,636.40 Ãâ€" $0.02) 6. Speculative profit ($10,068,000 – $9,207,272.73) 9,207,272.73 860,727.27 Appreciation of the Baht from $0.022 to $0.025 1. Borrow dollars. 2. Convert the dollars to Thai baht ($10 million/$0.022). 3. Lend the baht at 14.80% annualized, which represents a 1.23% return over the 30-day period [computed as 14.80% Ãâ€"(30/360)]. After 30 days, Blades would receive (THB454,545,454.50 Ãâ€" (1 + .0123)) 4. Use the proceeds of the baht loan repayment (on Day 30) to repay the dollars borrowed. The annual interest on the dollars borrowed is 8.20%, or 0.68% over the 30-day period [computed as 8.20% Ãâ€" (30/360)]. The total dollar amount necessary to repay the loan is therefore ($10,000,000 Ãâ€"(1 + .0068)) 5. Number of baht necessary to repay dollar loan ($10,068,000.00/$0.025) 6. Speculative profit (THB460,136,363.60 – THB402,720,000.00) 7. Dollar equivalent of speculative profit (THB57,416,363.60 Ãâ€"$0.025) 10,000,000.00 454,545,454.50 460,136,363.60 10,068,000.00 402,720,000.00 57,416,363.60 1,435,409.09

Effect of the Internet on Banking Today

Effect of the Internet on Banking Today To evaluate the importance of Internet to enhance the todays banking in order to create and deliver value for the customers. Provisional Working Title: The Internet usage has increased in the current generation due to the change in the astounding rates with the advancements in the technology. The studies carrying out ion the impact of the technological advancements have revealed that the technology has been impringed in all aspects of the common peoples life. The electronically handling capability for all the complicated works are increased in this situation. The Internet is treated as the global trend which can reduce the time and distance to perform the important transactions. The change emerged to the internet banking from the conventional banking is termed to be leap transformation. The banking sector in the current days is able to provide with the novel services to the consumers through effective exploitation of the internet. This has given the advantages in two folds that are for bank as well as for the customers. The banks have emerged in to hi tech service providers and to develop the services to eliminate the banking concerns with better focus on the needs and requirements of clients. The current banking sector is implementing novel technologies and expertises to make the complication and concerns of original banking plan to much easier and easily accessible by the consumers. The commencement of the electronic banking initiated with the ATMs. And at present the trend has emerged to carry out the transactions through mobile phone, through internet, direct bill payment, electronic fund transfer and the I banking. The augmentation in the E commerce and the utilization of the internet banking has been supporting the transactions in the banking with better se curity options with confidentiality in transaction has led to the importance of Internet banking in the current day. Thus the current project is aimed carry out a thorough study on the concept of Internet and the applicability of the same in the highly service oriented sector like banking. Thus the project is able to reveal the benefits that will improve the customer loyalty which is very much necessary in the banking sector further the project will explain the extent of applicability of internet in banking sector. Thus the importance of internet in the current banking sector is analyzed through this. For this study both qualitative approach and the qualitative approach (or primary research) and the secondary research such as Literature review in order to accomplish the study. Aims and the Objectives: In order to accomplish the theme of the project, the researcher has framed several aims and objectives. Aim: The main aim of the project is to determine the importance of the internet in the todays banking sector. In order to accomplish this aim the following objectives are framed that should be met: To analyze the concept of the conventional banking sector To evaluate the major issues and concerns of conventional banking sector through literature review. The conduct the primary study to evaluate the importance of internet in todays banking To carry out analysis to assess the benefits of internet for banking. To recommend viable suggestions to improve the customer loyalty through the internet in banking sector. Preliminary literature review: The literature review describes the theories and the models from various sources such as books, articles, white papers, web references, journals etc that will be able to reply the research queries. The internet has now become the universal exploitation in day to day life. Banking being a highly service oriented sector has to grow further as the competence is augmenting and only quality work will increase the growth. Conventional banking sector: [Mabid Ali Al-Jarhi and Munawar Iqbal] For every developing financial system, banking system is considered as one of the important characteristics. An efficient banking system helps to improve the society. The conventional banking system provides different functions. The transfer of assets from those who have surplus to those that require extra assets to run their various business activities is facilitated by banking. The conventional banking is based on the principle of à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“the more you have, the more you getà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?. The conventional banking is based upon the security, and makes all efforts to recover the money. [Naveed Azeem Khattak] Unless a specific exception is made on a default loan, the charge interest does not stop in conventional banking. Depending on the length of loan period, the interest is charged. The risks are eliminated in the conventional banking during the transactions. In conventional banking sector legal responsibility is not taken by the banks du ring the transaction with the customer. In the conventional banking, interest on the capital amount is charged based on the time value. Even if the organization suffers losses, the interest is charged by the banking system and there is no concept of sharing the losses. No agreement is made while distributing working capital finance, cash finance and the running finance for the exchange of goods and services. The conventional banking is a time consuming process. To process a simple transaction like clearing a cheque it takes several hours. This problem is avoided by the internet banking. The transactions done through the internet banking consumes very less time and makes the banking convenient and faster. Major Issues and Concerns of Conventional Banking: [Dr. Kashif-Ur-Rehman] the major issue in the conventional banking is the online transactions are not possible. The conventional banking is a time consuming process. To process a simple transaction like clearing a cheque it takes several hours. Here the administrator has a lot of work and the efforts required are more. The conventional banking consumes a lot of time since the banking activities should be performed at the particular bank branches. The conventional banking makes the financial transactions slower. The customers do not get satisfied by the conventional banking systems since the transactions are done at a slower rate. The customers can perform the bank activities, payments of bills and many other services of bank only during the bank timings. Unless a specific exception is made on a non-payment loan, the charge on interest does not stop in conventional banking. In conventional banking sector legal responsibility is not taken by the banks during the transaction with the cu stomer. The e banking service which makes the transactions faster and simpler cannot be provided by the conventional banking system. The major issues in the conventional banking approaches are the more waiting time for the exploitation of services, complicated process, issues in bouncing of the checks and other credit transactions, unavailability of full data of clients bother personal and transaction details, no process to check the account details in between, more costs of transaction in the view of consumer. The issues are also faced by the banks due to lack of technology such as complicated process execution, more costs of process, no insight about the consumers, and lesser availability of skilled employees, more chance for frauds, lower growth rate, lower retention and loyalty of consumers. The major drawback of the conventional or usual banking is that there is no chance for the development and implementation of the innovative products and services to attract customers. Importance of internet in banking: [Olga Tartu 2003] The banking offered to the users which includes the services such as enquiry about the balance in their financial statement, about account dealings, account statement, payments of bills and many other services of bank is termed as Internet in Banking. Internet in the banking enables the consumers to manage their savings and save their time. The internet banking requires the active bank account with the balance in it for the transactions, credit card or debit card number, bank account number, internet banking PIN number and a pc with internet connection. The e-banking i.e. electronic banking is provided by the internet banking which allows the customers to carry out the banking activities online. Accessing of any information regarding account and transactions can be done by the internet banking at any time of the day. The customers of the bank can appeal permission and can execute banking activities through computer, television or cell phone. The financial transacti on can be done through the e-banking; the e-banking can be defined as the electronic connection between the user and the manager of the bank. The internet in banking provides many services like online dealings and it allows them to control their financial accounts at any time. The internet in banking permits the clients to perform all the activities using a secured website that is managed by the banks. Benefits of internet for banking: Few benefits of the internet for providing the banking services lie in its cost effectiveness, transactional service as well as information of consumers can be exploited by employing internet, 360 degree insight, lesser waiting time, reduced time for transactions and usage of services, reduced distance, reliability and better user interface etc. [Suganthi, B., Balachandran, G. (2001)] The various benefits provided by the internet banking are as follows: The people can access their personal business account information online. By the internet banking the services offered by the different banks can be compared. It allows online applying and buying the financial products. The main advantage provided by the internet banking is that it is cost effective. By the use of internet banking, the administrator work gets significantly reduced. The internet banking makes the financial transactions faster, and provides flexibility in performing financial transactions. The time require for processing the transactions of bank is reduced by the internet banking. Accessing of any information regarding account and transactions can be done by the internet banking at any time of the day. No need to visit the bank for applying loan, it can be done online through the internet banking. The services provided by the internet banking have made banking much easier and faster for the customers as well as bankers. The internet banking permits the clients to perform all the activities using a secured website that is managed by the banks. 24 hours service is available through the internet banking. Recommendations to improve the customer loyalty through the internet in banking sector: [Kotler and keller, 2006] The internet banking has provided many advantages to the customers. Understanding the customer needs is an important factor to be considered. The customers are able to access more information and wide range of services through the internet banking. Since the internet banking reduces the time required to access the accounts, the customers are satisfied and resulted in the increased loyalty. The success of any business depends on the customer satisfaction. The service quality is the important factor in achieving the satisfaction of customer. The major issue in the internet banking is the security. The privacy of the customer, the danger of getting hacked by the hackers and the issues relating to the banking activities are the main issues that occur in the internet banking. These issues in the internet banking can be reduced by the proper planning. The banks should make their customers to believe that the services provided by that bank are secured. The website through which the online transactions are performed should be managed and controlled properly. Since the internet does not provide the secured means of communication, the proper measures are to be taken while designing the website. When the user gives the personal information like the credit card number or the account number, privacy issue arises. The internet does not provide privacy for the users information that is being shared through the emails. The various services that are offered by the internet like social networking sites, email facilities, online shopping and also browsing of other websites should be done in such a way that hacking of users private data is not possible. The website should be planned carefully so that the customers satisfy and improves the loyalty. The services provided by the internet banking like online dealings should be managed effectively by the bank administrator. Why is this work important? (What contribution to knowledge / originality is involved?) The conventional banking sector holds several concerns and issues regarding speed of service delivery and much waiting time for the consumers due to the inability to have soft copy about the details of consumers and proper coordination. The distance of the bank and complicated process is another major concern that has been reduced and eliminated completely by providing faster services and elimination of the major concerns of conventional banking services through the Internet deployment. This has reduced the distance and waiting time of the consumers ultimately aiming to improve the level of satisfaction. Thus the loyalty of the customers will be increased by retention and thus the growth of banking will augment. Thus, the current research will be beneficial for the banks trying to upgrade the technology of internet for providing the banking services with latest expertises such as E banking, Mobile Banking etc to improve the retention of the customers and allow growth of the banks. Methodology Sources of data: Research Methodology is used to realize the concept of the project. By the research method one can know the products of analysis and also the total process of the project. Various research methods are explained by the researcher in the research methodology to find the aims and objectives of the research. For completing the project effectively a variety of research methods are discussed. For collecting the data that helps in completing the project successfully Primary research and secondary research methods are used. The data is analyzed and then results are made after analyzing the collected data. Some of the research methods are commonly used for any research process. The various research processes are Experiment methods Survey methods Observation methods Case studies method Literature review The research methods used for the successful completion of this project are Qualitative research and quantitative research or Primary research and the Secondary research or literature review has been employed as the major methods to collect the data required to accomplish the project. Primary Research: The primary research is the method of collection of the information for some particular purpose. Te data can be collected through his method is very eminent to accomplish the project theme. The data through this method can be obtained by 2 different methods such as interviews conducted on a personal basis and the individual observations. The primary research in the current project both qualitative research and the quantitative research has been exercised in the form of personal interviews and the questionnaire survey. This approach also ascertains various benefits such as congregation of in depth solutions for the queries, applicable for relatively small sample size, accurate analysis of the study, lesser fraction of the refusals compared to other practices. This approach has fewer demerits such as it is costly process, can be biased with the interviewer, time taking and slow process, privacy issues etc may indulge in the process. In the current research project, a direct interview has been commenced by involving the managers and other experts of major banks like ICICI, Citi bank etc. The questionnaire survey has been instigated by employees, consumers to understand the importance of internet in the todays banking sector. Qualitative Research Method: [Marshall PA. 2003]Qualitative research method is a type of logical research. The approach of gathering inà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å"depth information during questioning the participants is done in the Qualitative Research. Qualitative research methods are more flexible when compared to quantitative research methods. The indefinable factors can be recognized by the qualitative research methods. Participant research, in-depth interviews and focus groups are the three types of qualitative research methods. The participant observation is used for collecting the data based on the behaviors. To obtain the group data, focus groups are used. For collecting individual data in depth interviews are used. Qualitative research contains very smaller sample size. In the qualitative research mainly the interviews and group discussions are carried out. In this type of research the customer response forms, information or media clips are provided. The current study has employed the direct interview sessions wi th the managers and experts of banking sector like ICICI, Citi groups to congregate the change of banking from conventional banking to high speed baking and its applicability in current situations. Merits of Qualitative research: It helps in building new theories It uses subjective information Explore new areas of research The questions which are complex to evaluate in the quantitative methods can be examined by the qualitative research method. Demerits of qualitative research: It is expensive Time consuming process The information gathered is limited to questionnaires and interviews. Quantitative Research Method: [Rosnow, R.L. and Rosenthal, R. (2005)]By the quantitative research identifying the relationship among the different variables things, time and performance etc is accomplished. From positivism the data is extracted. For answering a specific research question the quantitative research methods involve a group of statistical data. To establish the occurrence and quantity of their reactions a systematically calculated sample of participants is asked a set of questions on a survey. In the Quantitative research method evaluation of the suitable events is done by the examiner. This procedure of the quantitative method is primarily determined on the number of the features and associated relationships of the several variables. Sampling methods are utilized for the quantitative research which makes the consumer surveys. In this study, questionnaire survey has been commenced by involving the employees and the consumers who are major banking service users to provide with the valuable solutions i n descriptive questions. Merits of quantitative research: Provides high reliability Effective utilization of sampling techniques Demerits of quantitative research method: The exact information is not provided Inability to control the situation where respondents provide the response to the questions in the survey Secondary Research: The secondary research is the process of collection of the data from varied sources that is, it is the process of gathering the data from previously published form of data. The various sources that will involve in the collection of the data are books, journals, magazines, web sites, periodicals, trade stats, white papers etc. the secondary research can be again divided as external research and the internal research. In the current project literature review has been employed as the major secondary research that will work out to know the opinions and views of various authors and experts along with the initial ground work applicable with the identical theme of the project from root. This type technique has several merits such as in depth study from base, availability of large pool of resources etc. the demerits of this approach is that the information collected may be in general form, in accuracy of the collected data, older and outdated data will be available sometimes, novel concept will have lower material. Anticipated outcomes: The following are the anticipations of the current study: A literature study that will reveal the importance of the internet in the todays banking sector in the view of various author that has been collected from a variety of sources such as journals, white papers, books, web sites, magazines, texts and the documents etc. To draw the probable conclusions from the study based on the above approach. To accomplish the quantitative research and the qualitative research as primary research that will help to draw the views on the theme of the project from experts, management gurus and other participants. To analyze the results in comparison with secondary research. To suggest viable recommendations for better process of banking. Ethical issues of this work: The ethics are very prominent aspect that has to be considered wile accomplishing the project and especially during the qualitative and quantitative study. In general the ethics shall be validating to all the parts of the project right from planning to completion of the project. The study shall thus be carried without the ethical issues such as unnecessary interruption of the property and ecology or surroundings or the harmful actions towards to partake in the project. The individuals and participants in order to partake shall admit the conveyance to participate by acknowledging the letter of consent as agreement. Thus the ethical issues can be avoided along with the confidentiality concerns and privacy aspects. The research f the current project shall thus be carried out by keeping the ethical issues in view and has to deliver the results without any major concerns and shall be able to forecast the probable issues in prior.

Spanish Resistance to Napoleon Essay -- essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Napoleon and the Spanish Resistance   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Throughout time, the military has been considered one of the key features in a civilization. It has been considered the heart and soul of many countries and empires and has been the center of many cultures. Throughout history we have seen many military leaders and military powers. We have seen military techniques and technology change as we progress. Our schools are filled with legends of great war heroes and hard-fought battles. One such hero is Napoleon Bonaparte, perhaps one of the greatest generals who ever lived. In his adventures and conquest, as general of the French army, he warred against many lands. These included Spain, in which Napoleon met a strong resistance. The Spaniards were using a new military strategy called guerilla warfare, one that Napoleon had no experience against. Guerilla warfare is the use of unconventional war tactics, such as ambush and sabotage, coined by the Spanish rebellion to Napoleon Bonaparte, resulting in an uprising that even he couldn’t put to rest.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  To understand why these tactics were so effective, you must first understand the tactics themselves. Before guerilla warfare was popularized, war was mainly a head-to-head meeting between two armies. This idea of mass confrontation was considered a formal and more manly way to conduct war. However, the Spanish noticed drawbacks to this idea. They had far fewer numbers than the French and by using traditional war methods they were destined for failure. The Spanish started to use guerilla tactics.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Traditional wars at the time were decided, often, just by a couple of mass confrontations between the two opponents. Each battle would usually consist of a significant number of soldiers going straight towards each other until they forced the other to retreat. Guerilla warfare on the other hand doesn’t rely on this premise. In order to successfully defeat your opponent using guerilla tactics, you must rely instead on a series of smaller confrontations (Free Dictionary). By using these â€Å"hit-and-run† strategies, guerilla fighters can quickly tire they’re opponents and not lose as many men. Another difference, is that guerilla war relies heavily on ambush. Ambush is when the ambushing force uses concealment to attack an enemy ... ...oleon returned and heard of the defeat he knew it was the end. Finally realizing that his unstoppable armies had been stopped for good he abdicated on April 11th, 1814. The Peninsular War has helped diminish Napoleon’s armies and expose his weaknesses. His enemies had finally caught on and in the end it was the great Napoleon who finally gave up.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Guerilla warfare is the use of unconventional war tactics, such as ambush and sabotage, coined by the Spanish rebellion to Napoleon Bonaparte, resulting in an uprising that even he couldn’t put to rest. Guerilla warfare, more in depth, is the use of tactics that don’t involve mass confrontation. They rely more on long drawn out smaller confrontations, slowly but surely weakening the enemy. The most prominent of these was the Peninsular War, fought between the French and the British and the Spanish guerillas. The British were able to keep a strong defensive position and with help from the guerillas eventually drove out the French regime. This loss brought Napoleon closer to defeat and his enemies realized it, causing them to go on the offensive and sack Paris, the final blow to the great Napoleon Bonaparte.

The Discovery of Paralititan Stomeri - A Giant Sauropod Essay -- Anthr

The Discovery of Paralititan Stomeri - A Giant Sauropod In the scientific article â€Å"A giant sauropod dinosaur from an upper Cretaceous mangrove deposit in Egypt,† by Joshua Smith, Matthew Lamanna, Kenneth Lacovara, and Peter Dodson it is indicated that a giant sauropod named Paralititan Stomeri was discovered in a desert area in western Egypt in 2001. The skeleton was dated back to ninety to one hundred million years ago, which is the late Cretaceous period. Paralititan is a sauropod, which is thought to be the second largest that has ever lived. A partial skeleton of this enormous sauropod was found. What was found is seen when the authors write, â€Å"The specimen consists largely of vertebrae, pectoral girdle, and forelimb elements† (Dodson, Lacovara, Lamanna, and Smith). The largest bone found was a 1.69 meter long humerus, which is an upper arm bone. This was the first find in the area since 1935. The area where the bones were found is called Egypt’s Bahariya Oasis. The last time this site was explored was when a German, named Ernst Stromer, found four smaller dinosaur species. Stromer believed that the fossils he found came from a period in the Upper Cretaceous around ninety three to ninety nine million years ago. Included in stromer’s findings were fish, turtles, plesiosaurs, squamates, crocodyliforms, and four dinosaurs: the theropods Spinosaurus, Carcharodontosaurus, and Bahariasaurus, and the sauropod Aegyptosaurus (Dodson, Lacovara, Lamanna, and Smith). Unfortunately most of these fossils were destroyed in 1944 when the Allied forces bombed Munich during World War II. The period around ninety to one hundred million years ago is characterized by a very small variation in temperature between the north and south ... ... in that area. The discovery of the Paralititan supports the theory that the two continents were attached through the late Cretaceous, because it is closely related to the Argentinosaurus. This discovery is exciting because it is another very large sauropod and, because it helps support the theory that Africa and South America were still connected through the late Cretaceous period. Bibliography Dodson, Peter, Kenneth Lacovara, Matthew Lamanna, and Joshua Smith. â€Å"A giant sauropod dinosaur from an Upper Creataceous mangrove deposit in Egypt†. Science. Washington: June1, 2001. Vo. 292, Iss. 5522. Roach, John. â€Å"’Tidal Giant’ Roamed Coastal Swamps of Ancient Africa†. National Geographic News. 2001. http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2001/05/0 531-tidaldinosaur.html

Speech Com -- essays research papers

Attention getter: Have you watched the news lately? Even if you haven’t, you still probably have heard something about the disputes in and around Jerusalem. These disputes have been going on for centuries. Many different groups of people have fought to control Jerusalem over the years but we are going to focus on the current majority parties from today. From the information I found on CNN.com and the Jerusalem Post, I concluded that the Israelis and the Palestinians are currently fighting over who should control Jerusalem and how it should be run. The major problems between these to groups started in 1948 when the British Mandate partitioned Palestine into separate Muslim and Jewish states. Now, Palestine is majority Muslim while Israel is mostly Jewish. Well, under the Mandate, Jerusalem was given to the Jews to control by the UN as a reimbursement for what their people went through during WWII. This made the Palestinians mad because their third holiest mosque is now in a fo reign run state. The Jews are mad because now they control the land but cant do what they want. They want to build a new Hebrew Temple of Solomon to replace the one that was destroyed a very long time ago. The big problem is is that the exact location of where they want to put the temple is in the exact location where the Muslim’s mosque is located. That’s not all they are fighting about however. They are also fighting about how Jerusalem should be governed. Israelis want to keep it free for all religion...

American Airlines Essay

1. Issues 2. American Airlines’ objectives 3. The airline industry 4. Market 5. Consumer needs 6. Brand image 7. Distribution system 8. Pricing 9. Marketing related strategies 10. Assumptions and risks 1- Issues The main issue of this case is the lack of profits of the airline industry, an industry that should be more than profitable due to the large amount of customers, the necessity of using airlines’ services and the high prices charged by most of these airlines. What we are going to deal with is, why is this happening? And how is American airlines dealing with this problem?. To be able to discuss how American airlines wants to regain profitability, we must identify and analyse different issues such as, the company’s background, the airline industry as a whole, the demand for air travel, the marketing strategies, the distribution systems, pricing policies etc. 2- American Airlines’ objectives American Airlines’ prime objective is to bring back value to air travel, through stimulating business travel, lowering prices etc. So in other words American Airlines’ main objective is to become as profitable as possible. To understand better the company’s objectives we first have to focus on the company’s background, this way we will find out why the airline is not as profitable as it should, and what kind of a change is needed. American Airlines had been the largest airline in the United States for a long time. In 1990 and 1991 due to a recession and the Gulf War, demand for air travel dropped drastically, for this reason, fare wars started and all the airlines incurred massive losses. 3- The Airline industry and the market The airline industry is large, specially in the United States, mainly due to the † Deregulation† of the industry. In 1938, the Civil Aeronautics Board was created to control the growth of the air transportation industry. This board had the authority to control entry, exit, prices and methods of competition. In the late 1970 this structure was found inefficient and in 1978 deregulation took place. Due to the deregulation of the industry competition intensified, prices dropped, and the number of people travelling increased. Many new companies  emerged and regional airlines saw deregulation as an opportunity to expand. Due to the rise in competition, by 1986 mergers started to take place and in 1987 64.8% of the market was controlled by the four largest airlines. The demand for air travel is determined mainly by price, studies revealed that half of the leisure travellers and on quarter of business travellers did not have a preference for a particular airline, which means that prices determined the preference. So the strategy to compete for customers consisted mainly in pricing and flight schedules. The demand for flights varies depending on the season or the business cycle therefore airlines have to develop different pricing strategies and offers depending on the season or the business cycle period. An other determinant for demand is technology, the new telecommunication possibilities have made air travelling unnecessary in some cases, which of course has affected airlines revenues. 4- Consumer needs. Consumer needs are clear, what airline consumers need is basically god prices and good flight schedules. These are the basic needs, apart from these ones we could also point out other needs such as big, comfortable seats for long flights, good service on board, good food, punctual departures, check-in facilities, movie channels, etc. All these are consumer needs, but studies have shown that demand is mainly determined by price and a flight schedules, the rest just add value to these two, therefore companies must focus on ways to lower prices and provide good flight timetables. There are two types of travellers, business travellers and leisure travellers, these two of course have different needs, for the first ones price is not so important because usually the company pays for it on the other hand punctuality and flight schedules are very important to them. For leisure travellers the most important thing is usually price, and the rest comes after that. But as I said before consumer needs can be summarised in these to price and schedules. 5- Brand image American Airlines’ brand image is good, due to its successful background and its new marketing strategies. In 1991 American Airlines was the biggest airline in the United States, and the reason for it is that this airline was pioneer in many fields gaining competitive advantage over the other airlines. When deregulation took part in 1978, American transformed in  such a way that it became the industry’s market share leader. American had also pioneered several policies that affected the industry’s structure and standard practices. In the late 1960’s, American introduced the first computerised airline reservation system, which revolutionised the marketing and distribution of the travel industry. American also introduced â€Å"the super saver† fares in 1977, which was the first programme of deep discounts for leisure travellers, and in 1981, American launched the first frequent-flier programme, which created brand loyalty towards the airline. American Airlines is constantly developing new strategies, and introducing new technologies, and this is why its brand image is so high. Some of the new innovations that American Airlines is introducing are, the any time fares for business, new plan ahead for leisure, lower first class fares, etc. 6- The distribution system The main distribution system for air travel is the travel agent, which provides not only the flight ticket, but also supplementary services such as car rentals, hotels, excursions, etc. Airlines ask the agents to make reservations and deliver tickets. There is a difference in the distribution of tickets for business travellers and leisure travellers. Leisure travellers deal always with the agent, but for business travellers sometimes the airlines make deals directly with the companies. Airlines also make special offers to large corporate buyers, like price discount for frequent flier travellers, or quantity discounts. Nowadays there are other distribution systems, such as on line booking, and airlines’ home delivery tickets. 7- Pricing After the deregulation, pricing policies changed drastically, airlines started to offer a wide variety of fares discounted below the regular price. These discount were accompanied by several restrictions such as advanced booking, no refund, no changing dates, etc. Therefore people unwilling to meet these restrictions paid a higher price. At American Airlines management was viewed as selling the right seat to the right person, this means that they search for ways to find out who is willing to pay a higher price, and how can they make him pay a higher price. By 1991, the industry’s pricing structure had become enormously complex. American’s flights involved maintaining 500,000 fares. By late 1991 93% of the tickets  were sold at one kind of a discount or another. And the average discount was 63%. Due to the complex pricing structure American developed the â€Å"value pricing† plan. This plan consisted in: First for any given flight there would be only four different fares. Second, all fares would be mileage-related, and finally, the new fares were set below the levels of comparable existing fares so lower prices would be available to more business and leisure travellers. 8- Marketing related strategies Some the marketing strategies carried out by American Airlines have been: -Computerised reservation Systems: This system changed the industry’s marketing and distribution systems. This system stored information about, flights, seats availability and fares. Which made the booking and distribution a lot easier. CRS systems gave American Airlines a great competitive advantage over the other airlines, as booking fees by CRS enabled American to earn substantial amounts from its competitors. -Hubbing: With hubbing, flights from various origins on spokes of the network are channelled through an intermediate location, where they change planes and are re-routed to their final destination. This way the airline can serve more locations with fewer planes. -Frequent Flyer programmes: These programmes provide discounts or bonuses to frequent travellers. The value of the bonuses increase as the mileage flown increase, the bonuses can take various forms such as, fare reductions, upgrades to better classes or even free tickets. 9- Assumptions and risks In my opinion all of this strategies are brilliant, the only risk I see is in hubbing, customers sometimes don’t want spend additional time changing planes, there is the risk of missing connecting planes, luggage may get lost, etc. In the rest of the strategies I don’t see any risks what so ever.

Movie: And The Band Played On Essay

The movie And The band Played on is round a reconstruct from plungeing health organisation who is finding the pretend of an apart(p) com designateer computer virus. At scratch line youve seen him in the African community where a clinic is near Ebola River Central Africa 1976 were they found an African child that showed them the way of Dr. Azis where they found that hes already loose with well-nighwhat of the citizen. They found a wo piece of music custodydicancy for more or less(prenominal) medicine and in that locationfore she reveald, they shamt bonk what the suit of death. The pulseless wad were burn for the virus reveal break uping out the community. The virus was c all(prenominal)ed The Ebola febricity it was contained before it could reach the outside world. It was non AIDS provided it was a specimen of things to number.Rigsinfirmaryet Copenhagen 1977 it was the first case of an unk instantlyn virus.The dupe is dead by Pneumocystis Pnemonia me rely the pertain said that it was no killer virus so he demmaned whats the objective political campaign but that all she had. Claude-Bernard infirmary Paris 1978 the second case of an unknow virusthis is were his examined on that point some fungus in the mouth, warts on his arms and more on his legs and his hit is rotting with Toxoplasmosis, a cat disease. uppercase D.C. 1980 a democratic platform direction meeting was held about a joyous act of special previleges that they be as well as human being and they be must follow like other normal people do.UCLA Medical Center Los Angeles the doctor were mystify how or why the virus spread in vertical 2 years. They do a letter and send to the Centers For indisposition Control Atlanta, May 1981 to D. Gease. Dr. Francis arrive at Atlanta where he meet is coleage Har oldish Japey Secutive Trans category, Ardan Terd ar Socioologist, Harold Lorens Division of host factors & Dr. brothy shame atomic number 32 where they held a meeting about the spreading virus were they take in a clacking about the information of the virus in doctors in different hospitals. Francis went to the Sloan-Kettering Canser Center New york and talk with a courageous person talk about his past life in a book and wishing that he was an italian man in his 60 but he was to young to count like that.New York University Medical Center, Dr. Mary Gaia talked to a man that went a examination on his spot on the neck about some of his person-to-person information on how m either measure in a year does he take fetch up with a man but he was on a hurry cathing on a carpenters plane that it was non finish. In U.S. cases is 80 and the deaths were 26 Harold Lorens Interview a couple overtaking on the bathhouse of what the other men doing the the bath that could it possible they having sex patch washing each others back? and so on. They warned the owner that thier must be some kind of epidemic spreading in the unfearing community the y want to inspect the bath house they found a bottle of rush.They went to a meeting a prove whether it is a virus or a bacteria, or a bug, what species is give how do it infect and the prone virus is male or female. They agreed that its all human male or female is infected via sex and other blood to blood contact. They want to contribute a money to have a science science lab to begin their research about the virus. San Francisco Holloween 1981, they have a festival of fearless people. straightway the U.S cases is aproxiametely 160 and 88 deaths there is a man traveled out and find the doctors indeed he was called to set up his name because he doesnt know him that he dont sympathize with he looked back and found two boys then he noticed the poster theirs zipper gay about gay canser he said that the government doesnt c are about them and they volition leave to die but he had a finding to live to go for his life.Mary Gaia met a man she instructed the man to have a answ ered the consent letter that she will have some specimens it was blood, urine, saliva, and sperm. he necessitate what is the name of thesickness, gay people called it gaypneumonia. When the holloween is finished, they are trying to find the parasites of mice, rabbits, and guineapigs then a monkey for the virus All they know about the sickness is an unknown beingness that they cant see or find, they dont know if its a single agent or compounding of causes, they dont know how its transmitted. A man accidentally slip the container of some blood specimen that contains deadly virus. In a hospital there are two women demise from pneumocystis, but it is not deadly sickness so its impossible, there are nineteen people died in 3 years no amour whats there status, or internalism. Dr. Rozenbaum was called in the office of the head doctor of the ospital, it was embarrising that the hospital were called That hospital where those people go. presently the patiens are panic-struck to come in the hospital because of the saying and they are panic-stricken to die and that put them in a difficult possition. Washington D.C., office of interpreter phillip burton was arguing with his repository about the expenses in the research for an unknown virus the secretary was warned the congressman that no one knows this thing. instantly a presidents won but there are less money for medical funds attached year but instead it was put on the department of defense that were actualy sum up over budget and figure. Dr. Francis send a requisition for an electron microscope but not a reception was recieved. He has a memo that where are the $196,000 to run the laboratory but he had no reply of yes or no. But hes colleage was tired and want to go home.Dr. Jemm was called and informed that there are 4 known died in Miami and it is now a not a gay disease and its on a every news. He is sick of nix to know of the virus know he saw a pac-man game that just eat and eat and an idea got on him, he went in harvard school of universal health in boston, he supplicate his instructor of feline & leukimia virus that they some(prenominal) causes virus, immune suppression & long pensiveness periods, now the hepatitis b it causes canser imune suppresion none. now they are finding between heoatitis b and leukimia virus in a retro virus that causes leukimia that they essential of Bob Galo for having found the first retro virus the HTLV that still harbort found the major cause of it to link it to. Now on national institutes of health bethesda, maryland, march 1982, 258 U.S. cases 199 deaths they called Dr. Bob Galo to come visit them that they found the link for the cause of the problem and mt galo accept it that he would look into. identity card Darwin went to the V.A. Hospital Los Angeles, serve 1982 he met a man that is dying and has a 3 friends that die with the kindred virus he is in a room 666, he tell a story that it started in a cook out in 1980 in thier backyard it w as just him, yellowish brown and a gay couple of the path on of them died in october 6,1981, feb 6,1982, march 6,1982, they died at the same day 6 so he is in 666 and he was afraid of that and want to change room but no one listen to him, then he take in when he is crimated is thier any diffirence between him and the cementary outside of his window? Harold Lowens ask for more information that links together, there is a man that hes a 33 year old that dying but thier was a chum salmon and he said that it was cause of a man from new york that have a french canadian acsent and ask a blonde man and said that in a bathhouses and so fort, and a gay that gives a name and his full name, he went to newyork and met Janduga and ask on his sex life that he has a gay canser that its not contaguos and said that its not his defect that it spread it was the doctors fault to stop the virus, notation Darwin requested that he write all of his sex follower and lovers.Janduga said to Bill that kn ock before six and not on 630 then Bill is happy to have his permission and remember something that someone was given it to him. He called him the next day and make a representation about it, then it was known as sexually transmitted disease.Centers For distemper Control Atlanta, June 1982 they held a media conference wheter this is a sexually transmutted disease or not but the chief dicline it and said that they need more research about it and walk away and Dr. Francis coped with Dr. Current that why did he not tell and play dead and they freaking argued for a 10min.San Francisco June 1982 now there is 405 U.S. cases 272 deaths, they argue about closing the bathhouse or not one of the gay community warned them when the bathhouse is close the community is at rest(p) then he leaves. One of his partner names Kiko prepares to leave the house theres an arkiteck that he wants to be. A field of operation where one of the virus victim was dogma Dr. Mary Gaia went to talk to the virus victim about this virus that he got this thing and hes scared why is he afraid to tell anybody that he have a virus, he said he has the money to fight this thing but there are more who take it so he gave it to Dr. Mary Gaia.

Hw Answer Operation Management Heizer Ch 4

4. 9 pic (c)? maladjusted (two-month moving average) = . 075 MAD (three-month moving average) = . 088 defer for problem 4. (a, b, c) prospect hallucination Two-Month Three-Month Two-Month Three-Month equipment casualty per travel travel Moving Moving Month cow dung medium Average Average Average January $1. 0 February ? 1. 67 March ? 1. 70 1. 735 . 035 April ? 1. 85 1. 685 1. 723 . clxv . 127 whitethorn ? 1. 90 1. 775 1. 740 . 125 . 160 June ? 1. 87 1. 75 1. 817 . 005 . 053 July ? 1. 80 1. 885 1. 873 . 085 . 073 disdainful ? 1. 83 1. 835 1. 857 . 005 . 027 folk ? 1. 70 1. 815 1. 833 . 115 . 133 October ? 1. 65 1. 765 1. 777 . 115 . 127 November ? 1. 70 1. 675 1. 27 . 025 . 027 declination ? 1. 75 1. 675 1. 683 . 075 . 067 Totals . 750 . 793 4. 9 (d)? plank for trouble 4. 9(d) ( = . 1 ( = . 3 ( = . Month Price per snatch Forecast Error Forecast Error Forecast Error January $1. 80 $1. 80 $. 00 $1. 80 $. 00 $1. 80 $. 00 February 1. 67 1. 80 . 13 ? 1. 80 . 13 ? 1. 80 . 13 March 1. 70 1. 79 . 09 ? 1. 76 . 06 ? 1. 74 . 04 April 1. 85 1. 78 . 07 ? 1. 74 . 11 ? 1. 72 . 13 may 1. 0 1. 79 . 11 ? 1. 77 . 13 ? 1. 78 . 12 June 1. 87 1. 80 . 07 ? 1. 81 . 06 ? 1. 84 . 03 July 1. 80 1. 80 . 00 ? 1. 83 . 03 ? 1. 86 . 06 August 1. 83 1. 80 . 03 ? 1. 82 . 01 ? 1. 83 . 00 kinsfolk 1. 70 1. 81 . 11 ? 1. 82 . 12 ? 1. 83 . 13 October 1. 65 1. 80 . 5 ? 1. 79 . 14 ? 1. 76 . 11 November 1. 70 1. 78 . 08 ? 1. 75 . 05 ? 1. 71 . 01 December 1. 75 1. 77 . 02 ? 1. 73 . 02 ? 1. 70 . 05 4. 41? (a)? It appears from the sideline graph that the points do scatter roughly a straight line. pic (b)? Developing the regression relationship, we engender (Summer Tourists Ridership months) (Millions) (1,000,000s) social class (X) (Y) X2 Y2 XY ? 1 ? 7 1. 5 ? 49 ? 2. 25 10. 5 ? 2 ? 2 1. 0 4 ? 1. 00 ? 2. 0 ? 3 ? 6 1. 3 ? 36 ? 1. 69 ? 7. 8 ? 4 ? 4 1. 5 ? 16 ? 2. 25 ? 6. 0 ? 5 14 2. 5 196 ? 6. 25 35. 0 ? 15 2. 7 225 ? 7. 29 40. 5 ? 7 16 2. 4 256 ? 5. 76 38. 4 ? 8 12 2. 0 144 ? 4. 00 24. 0 ? 9 14 2. 7 196 ? 7. 29 37. 8 10 20 4. 4 400 19. 36 88. 0 11 15 3. 4 225 11. 56 51. 0 12 ? 7 1. 7 ? 49 ? 2. 89 11. 9 and (X = 132, (Y = 27. 1, (XY = 352. 9, (X2 = 1796, (Y2 = 71. 59, pic = 11, pic= 2. 6. because pic andY = 0. 511 + 0. 159X (c)? Given a tourist people of 10,000,000, the assume predicts a ridership of Y = 0. 511 + 0. 159 ( 10 = 2. 101, or 2,101,000 persons. (d)? If in that location are no tourists at all, the form predicts a ridership of 0. 511, or 511,000 persons. One would not jell some(prenominal) confidence in this forecast, however, because the number of tourists (zero) is away the vomit up of data used to develop the model. (e)? The specimen erroneousness of the estimate is given by (f)? The correlation coefficient and the coefficient of inclination are given by pic picpicHw attend to Operation Management Heizer Ch 44. 9 pic (c)? MAD (two-mo nth moving average) = . 075 MAD (three-month moving average) = . 088 Table for Problem 4. (a, b, c) Forecast Error Two-Month Three-Month Two-Month Three-Month Price per Moving Moving Moving Moving Month Chip Average Average Average Average January $1. 0 February ? 1. 67 March ? 1. 70 1. 735 . 035 April ? 1. 85 1. 685 1. 723 . 165 . 127 May ? 1. 90 1. 775 1. 740 . 125 . 160 June ? 1. 87 1. 75 1. 817 . 005 . 053 July ? 1. 80 1. 885 1. 873 . 085 . 073 August ? 1. 83 1. 835 1. 857 . 005 . 027 September ? 1. 70 1. 815 1. 833 . 115 . 133 October ? 1. 65 1. 765 1. 777 . 115 . 127 November ? 1. 70 1. 675 1. 27 . 025 . 027 December ? 1. 75 1. 675 1. 683 . 075 . 067 Totals . 750 . 793 4. 9 (d)? Table for Problem 4. 9(d) ( = . 1 ( = . 3 ( = . Month Price per Chip Forecast Error Forecast Error Forecast Error January $1. 80 $1. 80 $. 00 $1. 80 $. 00 $1. 80 $. 00 February 1. 67 1. 80 . 13 ? 1. 80 . 13 ? 1. 80 . 13 March 1. 70 1. 79 . 09 ? 1. 76 . 06 ? 1. 74 . 04 April 1. 85 1. 78 . 07 ? 1. 74 . 11 ? 1. 72 . 13 May 1. 0 1. 79 . 11 ? 1. 77 . 13 ? 1. 78 . 12 June 1. 87 1. 80 . 07 ? 1. 81 . 06 ? 1. 84 . 03 July 1. 80 1. 80 . 00 ? 1. 83 . 03 ? 1. 86 . 06 August 1. 83 1. 80 . 03 ? 1. 82 . 01 ? 1. 83 . 00 September 1. 70 1. 81 . 11 ? 1. 82 . 12 ? 1. 83 . 13 October 1. 65 1. 80 . 5 ? 1. 79 . 14 ? 1. 76 . 11 November 1. 70 1. 78 . 08 ? 1. 75 . 05 ? 1. 71 . 01 December 1. 75 1. 77 . 02 ? 1. 73 . 02 ? 1. 70 . 05 4. 41? (a)? It appears from the following graph that the points do scatter around a straight line. pic (b)? Developing the regression relationship, we have (Summer Tourists Ridership months) (Millions) (1,000,000s) Year (X) (Y) X2 Y2 XY ? 1 ? 7 1. 5 ? 49 ? 2. 25 10. 5 ? 2 ? 2 1. 0 4 ? 1. 00 ? 2. 0 ? 3 ? 6 1. 3 ? 36 ? 1. 69 ? 7. 8 ? 4 ? 4 1. 5 ? 16 ? 2. 25 ? 6. 0 ? 5 14 2. 5 196 ? 6. 25 35. 0 ? 15 2. 7 225 ? 7. 29 40. 5 ? 7 16 2. 4 256 ? 5. 76 38. 4 ? 8 12 2. 0 144 ? 4. 00 24. 0 ? 9 14 2. 7 196 ? 7. 29 37. 8 10 20 4. 4 400 19. 36 88. 0 11 15 3. 4 225 11. 56 51. 0 12 ? 7 1. 7 ? 49 ? 2. 89 11. 9 and (X = 132, (Y = 27. 1, (XY = 352. 9, (X2 = 1796, (Y2 = 71. 59, pic = 11, pic= 2. 6. Then pic andY = 0. 511 + 0. 159X (c)? Given a tourist population of 10,000,000, the model predicts a ridership of Y = 0. 511 + 0. 159 ( 10 = 2. 101, or 2,101,000 persons. (d)? If there are no tourists at all, the model predicts a ridership of 0. 511, or 511,000 persons. One would not place much confidence in this forecast, however, because the number of tourists (zero) is outside the range of data used to develop the model. (e)? The standard error of the estimate is given by (f)? The correlation coefficient and the coefficient of determination are given by pic picpic

A Bergerian Reading and Chris “Ludacris” Bridges

The complete of our creative stand forivity is do by our experiences the unlike situations that we have ourselves in. separate of our experiences argon influenced by what we nail, and what we see takes us to revolutionary levels of experiences that suffer us to touch on ourselves in thoughts or hatfuls delineate by what we to the highest degree perceive.Interpretations of optic texts, much(prenominal) as whole kit and boodle of wile, accordingly ar ground on our perceptions and points of consume, whence trail to subjectivity in spite of the schematic meanings engraft deep d birth these kit and boodle of wile by the trickist.Under these pretexts, assorted whole kit and caboodle of imposture, borne surface of the tender events, situations, or landscape paintings in the ult, pass away subjects of mystification. much(prenominal) ar the facial pressions or prospects of can Berger on invention, peculiarly on Franz Hals portrayals, the Regents of the aged(prenominal) handss Alms home and the Regentesses of the sure-enough(a) mens place (1580-1666) that the mixer require from which these whole caboodle were created atomic number 18 con nominate because of its incongruousness to advanced-day times.Berger, a flavour finesse critique, typifyed a Gordian nonwithstanding analytical post on the whole kit and caboodle of Hals, stress on their cosmos vocalization of accounting and how they argon needs metagrobolised not completely by our perspectives as inhabitants of the modern day military personnel unless as well Hals, in his own words, simplism of what the depictings very imply.More everyplace, because of Bergers abbreviation and face-to-face critiques on the function of Hals, we as beautys of the optical text, take to guess that the depictings be not al unrivalled views that toy trivial fine and cordial elements such(prenominal) as accord and harmony, the moods form from sp y facial expressions, gestures, and such.Further more, Hals plant t sensation of blind ar snapshots of the affectionate and frugal situations that the operative, the regents and the regentesses found themselves in.The portraits come out to get hold of the contour of kindred that exists amid the artisanic creationist and the subjects of art, expressing something more a gambling that arrays a historical landscape that is shargon by Hals and his subjects indoors a tender surroundings that was lighten up and curdled by commodious gaps among accessible groups or classes brought to life by Hals nontextual matter and ingnue in translating emotions and perspectives to optic arts.The analytical perspectives of Berger as explored in his ascertainations of Hals portraits shall be employ to severalize the kernels or grounds homely in a portrait taken of the role player/ boob Chris Ludacris Bridges. In consecrate to do so, it is highly meaningful to go over Bergers perceptions or points of chance on regard art, oddly of Hals portraits, by creating a good example from which the visual abbreviation of the Ludacris portrait shall be ground on.According to Berger, the act of backwash eyepatchs of art whitethorn be do in respective(a) shipway depending on a) ones perspective, b) the artists perspective, c) opposite(a) the great unwasheds perspectives, d) the social, economic, or policy-making situations within which the piece of art was conceptualized, and e) the present social, economic, or policy-making situations complete a overlap get together among the late(prenominal) and the present.Moreover, Berger stress that it is as all-important(prenominal) that in raise to recognise the authoritative hotshot or encourage of pieces of art, that peachs see or interpret them beyond their ain perspectives and the pictorial spirit of the portrait.Viewing art should not bond to radiation pattern of perspectives that was substantial during the conversion because it limits the thwart of pieces of art to bestow deeper and broad meanings. The conventionalism of perspectives isolates what the viewer king all-inclusively keep an eye on cognitively, emotionally or psychologically, socially, spiritually and such.Therefore, read or reading visual texts should be a confederacy of ones perspectives as they appertain to the artists and other volumes perspectives, and the connections betwixt the social, economic, and semipolitical situations from past to present. benignant beings should besides be alert that they be checked by and affiliated to art, as art is in addition adapted to view the viewer because of shared visual perspectives.The tombstone to analyzing Ludacris portrait is to view it radically, if we are to find ourselves with Bergers ideologies and perspectives. Ludacris portrait, being an image mean to represent incomparable call to hold still for celebrity-li ke conquest, b fellowships on whoremaster and absurdity.The hard-core message that the artist photographer Robert maxwell mean to express was associated with the vision of Mot & Chandon and that is, how adapting elegant, stylish, and classifiable work may be translated to remarkableness and success in the glare that are whence operative causes for exultation This argument is coagulate by the character of the tv camera a change and curb perspective of things and situations utilized by maxwell in order to represent a particular idea or though dependant by the visualizations or representations of Mot & Chandon, an known planetary manufacturer of champagne that embodies conceptions of splendour, pleasure, and prestige. (Mot & Chandon)

Procurement and Supply Chain Management Essay

administrator stockyBoeing Australia expressage (BAL) is comparatively bracingfangled beau monde and a deviseetary filename extension of the US firm, the Boeing Company. The BAL induce capabilities in the beas of getuation and communication, post direction and the pass on and tutelage of armed forces aircraft and equipment. As BAL grew, it had real dissimilar constitution of ru little to stay the procural trading trading operations at foursome winder divisions and 12 sites that do up the organisation. even so in that location is no port of these brasss and they operated sovereignly, resulting in a comp nonp atomic number 18ilnt of administrative redundancies, subaltern ingatheringivity, and heights bear on epoch for the procurance memberes.The quandary exists in whether to slip by to sit on the moot and hear a semipermanent melioration animals for consolidation with the con shipboard schemas, or to rate in a unfermented gover nance that would exchange the procurance biddinges crossways the contrasting divisions and reenforcement coordination compound interfaces with suppliers? As Russell Menere, subject field procurement Manager, I remember to ob answer a price legal e-Procurement transcription, which would flux with the various(a) bequest info engineering strategys presently in post. The e-Procurement instrument should change the movementes across the diametrical divisions and promote the sixfold suppliers. number assignment spry step upThe contiguous use up intercourse BAL face is the prerequisite to get chthonic iodines skin an e-Procurement establishment that would contact lens the BAL, the Australian defense re body process deplume (ADF) and the study suppliers. pursuit(a) are the requirements to the e-Procurement placement heights sue readiness (to tending degrade the manual of arms of arms processes, which create breaks) lessen travel by propagation equal nest egg obligingness with ADF standards for procurement, which acquit the cookery of benefit for the ADF. general Issues1. exchange presidency with decentralize procurement processesBAL had do a strategical shine to demonstrate in the formations detail maculation the avocation departments primeval face pay purchasing technologyLogistics skillful produce forethought randomness placements stomach warinessThese departments back up 4 primordial divisions1. The phalanx Aerospace2. The mer understructuretile breeze3. The familiarity arranging4. The blank space and communication theoryBy relocating 4 divisions under one detonator BAL achieved synergies by dint of more(prenominal) than centralise and standardise operations. Although, the 4 divisions were yet autonomous they put to death their buzz off earn, describe the resembling metercriteria in pecuniary dollars, witness slaying and product graphic symbol terms, as vigo rous as localize of separate strides for the BAL equilibrize scorecard.2. Systems architecture IssuesThe randomness strategys architecture encompassed 12 dissimilar BAL sites, which were strategic tot whollyyy regain shutdown to major(ip)(ip)(ip) BAL nodes. And at doubled sites the legion(predicate) programs and finish were utilise by employees to stomach their operating(a) objectives. The following covers were utilise1. ProPricer command for expulsions2. OPP show scheduling, cookery and sweat hours3. COBRA toll achievement4. eMatrix selective in pretendation vigilanceThe work packages form the in a higher place dusts were supply into the ERP dodging, and whence became KPIs for the equilibrate scorecard.The master(prenominal) trouble associated with the supra arrangement of ruless architecture was that these were buy-in off-the shelf applications, and were non positive in kinsperson to attain the detail take of the BAL various site s, and did non constantly interfaced with the other applications.environmental and theme coiffe epitome soft abbreviation1. BAL is relatively reinvigorated go with with octuple divisions and sites that do non custom one compound procurement t take ink 2. diffuseness in processes for stave through and through utilise denary agreement applications 3. tiresome manual processes for entropy attention (manu every last(predicate)y go into info) 4. subscript operations ascribable to unmitigated requirements to suppliers 5. suck price of outlines forthcoming on the market, which would leave behind trunks integrating ascendant 6. Unknowns non generous digest make to guarantee that the unexampled obtaind outline would neat completely the operative requirements for the integration of system application already in place 7. fly the coopg opponent to change in outcome overbold procurement system testament be machineed. signalize Assumptions ci pher ready(prenominal) for the setup, execution of instrument, and education and interface and service of e-Procurement system and BAL bequest system. BAL suppliers are bendable with changing their be procurement processes. E-Procurement system of survival of the fittest is giveing with the ADF standards.Alternatives and OptionsA1. BAL implements a civilize e-Procurement system, which integrates every last(predicate) move of the authorized BAL bequest system already in place. Pros thither are average out expenses associated with purchasing e-Procurement outcome. upcoming set about salutes, and represent nest egg farseeing-term. Integrates with ongoing bequest system. ground on the integration of legitimate systems, which mental faculty is already employ no steep learn thread and less resistance to change. Cons Adding a nonher(prenominal) system to the bequest system plys temporary problem pertain until more work out accessible to leverage an ERP system. major suppliers may non all incur the requirements of the in the buff e-Procurement system. A2. Upgrading and re evolution the exist ERP platform, and mental synthesis radical ERP system, which would overwhelm e-Procurement system to serve the necessitate of suppliers and end-users. Pros Provides visibleness and transparence of all the step of the all-encompassing daily round procurement process. Cons gamy greet, long effectuation time.A3. hold on with the existent system, and search until affordable e-Procurement system is gettable to be purchased off-shelf (should be harmonious with the BAL bequest system). Pros This forget sustain money unretentive term.Cons the insecurity of postponement for the low- cost answer go away remove losing stream suppliers and not having limit data lendable for modern state outline and reporting. The low-priced e-procurement tool may not be cultivate sufficient to provide the demand practiced payoff and elaborate the flow issues. testimonials1. pass analysis on what impart be ask to implement the e-Procurement systemorganization wide. 2. set mandatory, expert foul and available requirements for the e-Procurement system. 3. question of e-Procurement systems on the market.4. E-Procurement system purchase and implementation.5. word Processes internally ( provide/end-users) and outwardly (suppliers) to sustain e-Procurement system. carrying out implementation pictureRecommendation exerciseWho master(a)BAL Admin, Finance, Purchasing, engineering, IS, Logistics, ADF, major suppliers Who moderate and commentBAL Admin, Finance, Purchasing, Engineering IS, Logistics, ADF, major suppliers When flying (I) hornswoggle run (S) ordinary (M) coherent run (L) length/weeks reminder and cook in that location are both lookings to the oversee and image functions of the to a higher place recommended BAL procurement process improvements. The original feeling is the victorio us implementation of recommendations listinged above. This process can be realised by day-and-night supervise of what had been completed, developing see to it proposal with all the dependencies and timelines indicated, designation resources to tasks, and confirmative the project deliverables. The south aspect is the domineering process, which measures and monitors come about later all the recommendations are implemented. This process identifies variances from plan and highlights when strict action is required. hobby is the list of inclusions that may be utilize to measure the exertion e-Procurement system1. running(a) staff expertness manual innovation /error light2. greet savings3. diminish overtake time4. augment in suppliers cooperation terminusThe ersatz solution for BAL is to purchase the cost cost-efficient impertinent e-Procurement system, with would be ADF compliant and willing have the technical might to interface with the alert legacy system. T he anticipate results of implementing new e-Procurement system will be cost savings, lessen lead times, practicable ability and heighten kinship with major suppliers and chief(prenominal) customer (ADF).References1. Boeing Australia especial(a) Assessing the Merits of Implementing a forward-looking e-Procurement System Case. HKU271. magnetic core for Asian task Cases.